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Schon bei der Erstellung des BGB wurde jahrelang diskutiert, ob Rechte im Grundbuch als Brief- oder als Buchrecht geführt werden. Man entschied sich letztlich für das Briefrecht. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, durch Zusatzvereinbarung den Brief auszuschließen; dieses Buchrecht ist seit Jahren üblich. Heute sind auch die Grundbücher digitalisiert, weshalb die Frage aufgeworfen ist, ob sich das BGB ggf. anpassen und die Situation von Brief- und Buchrecht umgekehren sollte?
Drawing on an online survey of mayors from the German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg this article analyses (1) to what extent social media is used abusively at the municipal level, (2) how mayors react to hate speech and (3) whether the experience of such insulting comments and threats is correlated with their perception of social media as a tool for political communication. The analysis shows that hateful comments are part of the social media experience on the local level. 53.9% of the mayors have at least once experienced personal insults and hostilities on social media in their role as politicians. The majority of them (56.7%) ignored the hate speech without reaction. Significantly fewer reacted more actively: 29.8% responded to the insulting message, 5.4% blocked the hater, and 8.2% filed a judicial complaint. The statistical analysis shows that mayors who use social media in a more professional way are more likely to react to hate speech in such an active manner. Moreover, the experience of hate speech and particularly an active type of reacting are found to be positively related to mayors' perceptions of how useful they consider social media to be for political communication.
Durch das Windenergieflächenbedarfsgesetz, das Kern des sogenannten Wind-an-Land-Gesetzes ist, verpflichtet der Bund die Länder erstmals, einen prozentualen Anteil der Landesfläche für die Windenergie an Land auszuweisen. Die Neuregelung bedeutet einen Paradigmenwechsel gegenüber dem bisherigen Planungsrecht, das durch die Privilegierung der Windenergie im Außenbereich und mögliche Ausschlusswirkung durch kommunale Konzentrationszonen gekennzeichnet war. Der weitere Ausbau der Windenergie wird nicht nur von der Flächenverfügbarkeit und bauplanungsrechtlichen Voraussetzungen, sondern auch anderen Faktoren wie weiteren genehmigungsrechtlichen Voraussetzungen abhängen.
Der Grundsatz der Vorherigkeit nimmt eine wichtige Rolle in der öffentlichen Finanzwirtschaft ein. Dennoch wird v.a. im kommunalen Umfeld vielfach gegen ihn verstoßen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung des Grundsatzes der Vorherigkeit, die Gründe für die zahlreichen Verstöße und zeigt Verbesserungsoptionen der aktuellen Situation auf.
Increasing and new work demands drain employees’ energy resources at work. This four-week longitudinal field experiment investigated the energizing potential of a respite intervention conducted at the workplace (either a simulated savoring nature intervention or a progressive muscle relaxation intervention). First, growth modeling analyses confirmed a linear trend for the growth of vigor and decline in fatigue across the days of the intervention group, indicating a typical upward resource trajectory. No changes appeared in the control group. Mediation analyses indicated that repeatedly engaging in a daily respite intervention influenced more stable energy levels after the intervention period indirectly through the immediate changes in daily energy levels during the intervention period. Findings suggest that, in some cases, respite interventions may present a useful tool to replenish and build energy resources at work. Implications for using respite intervention in organizational research and practice are discussed.
Research has shown that colours influence motivation and cognitive performance. In achievement contexts, red evokes avoidance motivation that hinders creativity, while blue elicits an approach motivation that facilitates creativity. However, due to their position and mode of presentation, colours may convey a different message. Red accent lighting creates a cosy, friendly room atmosphere that may, even in an achievement context, elicit an approach rather than an avoidance motivation. Results (N = 146) showed that both blue and red accent light increased strategic approach motivation compared to white accent light. Moreover, through the heightened approach motivation, colourful accent light indirectly improved creative performance. Implications for future research on colour and practical implications for colour usage are discussed. Practitioner Summary Designing work environments for creativity is a new topic in ergonomics research and practice. The present study demonstrates indirect effects of coloured accent light on creativity providing interesting possibilities for the design of work places for knowledge workers, classrooms, and all other rooms in which people work on new ideas.
To deal with stress and exhaustion at work, personal resources need to be replenished during breaks. The aim of this laboratory study (n = 122 students) was to test the restorative potential of sensory-enriched break environments (SEBEs) in a between-subjects with repeated measures design, focusing on the type of the environment (natural outdoor vs. built indoor environment) and sensory input (no sensory input vs. audiovisual input vs. audiovisual and olfactory input). Analyses showed that SEBEs simulating either a natural or a lounge environment were perceived as more pleasant and restorative (fascination/being away) than a standard break room, which in turn facilitated the recovery of personal resources (mood, fatigue, arousal). Moreover, adding a congruent scent to an audiovisual simulation indirectly facilitated the recovery of personal resources via greater scent pleasantness and higher fascination and being away. The current study shows opportunities for sensory enrichment to foster restoration in break environments. Practitioner Summery: This project reveals the impact of the recovery process of simulated environments on personal resources. Analyses confirmed that sensory-enriched environments were perceived as more restorative than less enriched environments, which in turn facilitated the recovery of personal resources. The results highlight the relevance of holistic sensory impressions to fostering recovery.
Promoting integrative negotiations – an experimental approach for using colored lighting in negotiation situations. Employees' negotiating skills substantially contribute to organizational success. In this context, recent research shows that the physical environment may influence interpersonal behavior for example in negations. The present study investigated the importance of colored light for cooperative behavior in integrative negotiations. The authors assumed that red light creates a pleasant, socially friendly atmosphere and thus promotes negotiation success. In an experimental study, the light color (red vs. blue and white) was varied. The results confirmed the assumption. The theoretical value, limitations and practical implications of the findings are discussed.