Fakultät 1: Management und Recht
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For successful digitalization of the public sector, insights into how digitalization affects the work of public sector employees must be attained. Hence, integrative conceptual models and metrics of digital work are needed. A five-dimensional model describing the degree of digitalization of administrative action (Kaesmayr, Schorn & Steidle 2021) provides the point of departure for this paper. To enable actual measurement, the development and validation of a corresponding questionnaire is presented. Its development includes the item formulation by specifying attributes, raters and objects of the underlying constructs as well as the formation of indices by means of a contrast weighting specifically augmented for this type of work. The validation of the scale includes component as well as confirmatory factor analyses based on data from 519 administrative employees in Germany. The scale provides the opportunity to describe and evaluate the degree of digitalization of administrative procedures and to evaluate measures to improve digital case processing. Furthermore, it enables research into conditions and consequences for a successful digital transformation. However, further research is required to verify the predictive validity and practical benefits of the scale.
Although good administration plays a crucial role for a state to function, to date no comprehensive and accepted conceptualization exists. Scholars and policymakers, however, are depending on a comprehensive and valid set of criteria to assess the quality of administrations and the effects of reforms and interventions. To develop an appropriate conceptualization, we draw on literature from jurisprudence, administrative, political, economic, as well as social sciences. Applying Rossiter’s C OAR SE approach to ensure content validity, 30 constructs underlying good administration were derived. The items formulated to measure these constructs were empirically validated in an online survey with 519 case workers in German municipal agencies. Principal components analysis yielded four components, i.e., diligence/mission, efficiency, information, and responsivity/support. Thereby, it becomes apparent that some of the criteria used in the literature, such as proportionality, load on multiple components.
Digitalization affects public servants’ job demands and resources. The current paper investigates which measures managers can employ to optimize digital work on administrative procedures. Building on a previous study on the impact of digitalization on work experiences and performance in public agencies and on a literature research regarding leadership instruments, we derived two sets of measures on job design and digital communication management. The proposed measures were validated conducting expert interviews with actual and prospective managers from various municipal agencies. Overall, our analyses revealed heterogenous patterns regarding the prevalence of the proposed measures. Experts reported various potential benefits and challenges as well as suitable recommendations regarding their implementations which indicates that the proposed measures could indeed contribute to facilitating digital work on administrative procedures. Finally, the practical implications as well as limitations of our approach are discussed.
Digitalization affects public servants’ job demands and resources. The current paper investigates which measures managers can employ to optimize digital work on administrative procedures. Building on a previous study on the impact of digitalization on work experiences and performance in public agencies and on a literature research regarding leadership instruments, we derived two sets of measures on job design and digital communication management. The proposed measures were validated conducting expert interviews with actual and prospective managers from various municipal agencies. Overall, our analyses revealed heterogenous patterns regarding the prevalence of the proposed measures. Experts reported various potential benefits and challenges as well as suitable recommendations regarding their implementations which indicates that the proposed measures could indeed contribute to facilitating digital work on administrative procedures. Finally, the practical implications as well as limitations of our approach are discussed.
This research explores stakeholders' perspectives on administrative procedures, focusing on basic psychological needs. The goal is to understand the motives driving evaluations of administrative quality and performance, particularly for constitutive administrative acts. Using a multi-method approach, the study analyzes five stakeholder groups' central motives at different stages of administrative procedures. To achieve this, the user experience journey technique is adapted to identify stakeholders' motivations, including achievement, affiliation, and power. Guided workshop discussions, qualitative expert interviews, and a review of legal sources are utilized to determine stakeholders' urgencies at each step of the process. Through qualitative content analysis of expert interviews, the study deduces the central concepts underlying these urgencies. The findings provide valuable insights into stakeholders' perspectives, motivations, and urgencies regarding administrative procedures and thus important attributes of good administration. This understanding is crucial for evaluating administrative performance and shaping potential goals for administrative reforms.
Der Arbeitsplatz – die räumlichen, physikalischen und ergonomischen Bedingungen, unter denen Menschen arbeiten – kann auf vielfältige Weise die Gesundheit fördern und gefährden. Neben der direkten Wirkung auf die physische Gesundheit kann der Arbeitsplatz die Durchführung der Arbeitsaufgaben erleichtern oder behindern und das Wohlbefinden durch eine bedürfnisgerechte Gestaltung erhöhen. Die Gestaltung gesundheitsförderlicher Arbeitsplätze beinhaltet den Arbeitsraum und die dort herrschenden physikalischen Bedingungen ebenso wie die Möblierung und IT-Ausstattung.
The Covid-19 pandemic and the Online Access Act (Onlinezugangsgesetz – OZG) are forcing Germany's public administration to accelerate digital transformation in general and the digitalization of agencies on federal, state and municipal level in particular. To assess this endeavor’s progress, existing e-Government maturity models were evaluated. The majority of models mainly focus on technical characteristics of an administrative act, while disregarding the importance of (1) public servants, (2) their work situation and (3) organizational processes. It is the latter three determining successful digitalization. Consequently, we fuse previous e-Government maturity models with the individual perspective of public servants including internet-based work, virtualization of teams and societal participation. This paper describes the synthesis of a model, its advantages and limitations including next steps towards its empirical validation.
Previous research indicates that short work breaks in nature can facilitate emotional recovery, but during a workday nature is not always accessible. We conducted two intervention studies (N = 51; N = 101) applying virtual reality technology in a short work break and examined the effect of the degree of immersion into nature and the type of nature (stimulating vs. calming) on the restorative experience and, in turn, on affective states. The results revealed that high immersion promotes being away and perceived fascination. Being away mediated the effect of high immersion on increased positive and decreased negative affect. Perceived fascination mediated the effect of stimulating nature on increased positive affect in both studies and decreased negative affect in Study 2. The present research highlights the unique benefits of virtual realities, degrees of immersion and different types of nature for recovery interventions in organisations. Practitioner Summary: Integrating virtual realities into the work environment is an emerging topic. The present research demonstrates that a short technology-based intervention via virtual reality enhances emotional recovery. The results provide interesting possibilities for the design of work breaks in situations where nature is not within reach or not accessible.
Der Arbeitsplatz – die räumlichen, physikalischen und ergonomischen Bedingungen, unter denen Menschen arbeiten – kann auf vielfältige Weise die Gesundheit fördern und gefährden. Neben der direkten Wirkung auf die physische Gesundheit kann der Arbeitsplatz die Durchführung der Arbeitsaufgaben erleichtern oder behindern und das Wohlbefinden durch eine bedürfnisgerechte Gestaltung erhöhen. Die Gestaltung gesundheitsförderlicher Arbeitsplätze beinhaltet den Arbeitsraum und die dort herrschenden physikalischen Bedingungen ebenso wie die Möblierung und IT-Ausstattung.
Positive psychology research is increasingly being transferred to organizational contexts and organizations are increasingly striving for healthier and more motivated employees. In this study, a three-week self-instructed online-intervention which combines positive activities and mindfulness was developed and evaluated using a randomized-controlled group design with employees. All exercises could be easily integrated into the daily working routine. The intervention is based on broaden-and-build theory, the two-component model of mindfulness and the positive-activity model. Results indicate that the intervention is effective in increasing work engagement, hope and sleep quality as well as in reducing fatigue in the experimental group compared to a waitlist control. Practical implications for human resource departments and corporate health management are discussed.